Tanzania experienced a devastating outbreak of the Marburg Virus Disease (MVD), resulting in the loss of eight lives. The World Health Organization (WHO) has expressed significant concern over the rapid spread of this deadly virus, which has already claimed 89% of suspected cases. With the outbreak occurring in the Kagera region, there have been a total of nine suspected cases reported across two districts, Biharamulo and Muleba.
Marburg Virus Disease is a highly infectious hemorrhagic fever, similar to Ebola, with a fatality rate that can approach 90%. The virus is transmitted from fruit bats and spreads among humans through direct contact with bodily fluids.Symptoms of MVD include headaches, high fever, back pain, diarrhea, vomiting blood, muscle weakness, and external bleeding.
The outbreak was first detected on January 10, 2025, when six people in Kagera exhibited symptoms consistent with MVD, five of whom succumbed to the illness. The following day, additional suspected cases emerged, bringing the total to nine suspected cases with eight fatalities. Samples from suspected patients have been sent to the National Public Health Laboratory for confirmation, and mobile laboratories have been established in the affected region. Surveillance and contact tracing efforts have been intensified, with healthcare workers and other contacts under close observation.
WHO has assessed the risk level as high due to Kagera’s strategic location as a transit hub with significant cross-border population movement. Neighboring countries, including Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of Congo, are on high alert and have been advised to enhance surveillance and collaborative reporting mechanisms.
The ongoing efforts by national rapid response teams and the WHO aim to contain the outbreak and prevent further spread. Protective measures for individuals include avoiding close physical contact with infected patients, seeking immediate medical care if symptoms arise, and adhering to strict hygiene practices.
As the world faces this new health challenge, prompt and coordinated action is essential to mitigate the spread of Marburg Virus Disease. Vigilance and adherence to health guidelines by communities and healthcare providers will be crucial in controlling the outbreak and preventing future occurrences.
The outbreak has raised significant concerns, particularly in neighboring Kenya. Kenya has ramped up its surveillance efforts and is closely monitoring any potential cases, especially given the high fatality rate associated with the virus.
